Diagnosing PAH

PAH can develop slowly. In fact, you may have it for years and not know it. This is because the early symptoms of PAH can be mild and vague and are often similar to those of other heart or lung conditions, such as asthma. This makes diagnosing PAH difficult. Many people go through years of tests to rule out other conditions before finally getting diagnosed. But it’s important to be diagnosed as early as possible so you can begin treatment. There are several tests your doctor may use to check your lungs and heart to diagnose PAH.⁷

Tests that May Be Used to Diagnose PAH and Rule Out Other Conditions^6,7

• History-your physician will ask questions about your signs and symptoms, family history, and any associated diseases.
• Physical Exam includes checking your heart and lungs with a stethoscope. He or she also will check your ankles and legs for swelling and your lips and skin for a bluish tint. These are signs of PAH.
• Chest X-Ray is a simple, non-surgical way to check for enlarged pulmonary blood vessels and an enlarged right side of the heart.
• Echochardiogram (Echo) is a widely used, non-invasive cardiac imaging procedure using ultrasound waves to find abnormalities in the heart and diagnose cardiovascular disease.
• Ventilation Perfusion Scan (V/Q Scan) evaluates both airflow and blood flow in the lungs.
• Computerized Tomography (CT Scan) can be used to evaluate the size of the pulmonary arteries (blood vessels) and to assess the lung structure and function.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can help evaluate the size and shape of the right ventricle in the heart, as well as any dilated pulmonary arteries (blood vessels).
• Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) includes various methods for assessing lung function.

Test to Confirm Diagnosis: Right Heart Catheterization⁵

Once PAH is suspected, a diagnosis can only be confirmed with a procedure known as right heart catheterization.⁵ Right heart catheterization involves inserting a long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter through the blood vessels and into the heart. This procedure allows your doctor to test heart function and blood pressure in the heart and pulmonary (main lung) artery. It also helps evaluate the severity of PAH.⁷

Next: Learn About Right Heart Catheterization